A Real-time quantitative PCR assay to quantify the Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast was studied. Primers were designed to amplify a 305bp product specific to T. gondii apicoplast. Standard curves were generated for both T. gondii apicoplast DNA and genomic DNA, and were used to compute the relative concentration of apicoplast DNA copies in the test samples. The results indicated that the copies of T. gondii apicoplast DNA was significantly low when exposed to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and azithromycin for 48h in the second infectious cycle. Our study shows that the Real-time PCR technique is a simple and quick technique for screening the anti-apicoplast drugs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.08.013 | DOI Listing |
Trends Parasitol
December 2024
Key Laboratory Preventive Veterinary of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. Electronic address:
Many apicomplexan parasites have a chloroplast-derived apicoplast containing several metabolic pathways. Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of apicoplast biogenesis and metabolism while also raising new questions. Here, we review recent progress on the biological roles of individual metabolic pathways, focusing on two medically important parasites, Plasmodium spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Biol
November 2024
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect humans and diverse animals. Fatty acids are critical for the growth and proliferation of , which has at least two pathways to synthesize fatty acids, including the type II de novo synthesis pathway in the apicoplast and the elongation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Acetyl-CoA is the key substrate for both fatty acid synthesis pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cell
December 2024
Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
Backgound Information: Toxoplasma gondii has a relict plastid, the apicoplast, to which nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted after synthesis in the cytosol. Proteins exclusively found in the apicoplast use a Golgi-independent route for trafficking, while dually targeted proteins found in both the apicoplast and the mitochondrion use a Golgi-dependent route. For apicoplast targeting, N-terminal signal sequences have been shown to direct the localization of different reporters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
September 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine.
Intracellular replication is crucial for the success of apicomplexan parasites, including . Therefore, essential players in parasite replication present potential targets for drug development. In this study, we have characterized TgGSK, a glycogen synthase kinase homolog that plays an important role in endodyogeny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Infect Dis
October 2024
UMR7042 CNRS-Unistra-UHA, Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Bio(in)organic & Medicinal Chemistry Team, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg F-67087, France.
The apicoplast is an essential organelle for the viability of apicomplexan parasites or , which has been proposed as a suitable drug target for the development of new antiplasmodial drug-candidates. Plasmodione, an antimalarial redox-active lead drug is active at low nM concentrations on several blood stages of such as early rings and gametocytes. Nevertheless, its precise biological targets remain unknown.
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