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Predictors of Radiation Resistance and Novel Radiation Sensitizers in Head and Neck Cancers: Advancing Radiotherapy Efficacy.
Semin Radiat Oncol
April 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.. Electronic address:
Radiation resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, poses a significant challenge in radiation oncology. The key contributors are tumor hypoxia, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and DNA repair processes (homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining). Genetic modifications such as TP53 mutations, KRAS mutations, EGFR overexpression, and abnormalities in DNA repair proteins like BRCA1/2 additionally affect radiation sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance of Tubulin Detyrosination in Platelet Biogenesis.
J Thromb Haemost
March 2025
Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: The functional diversity of microtubules is regulated through the expression of distinct α- and β-tubulin isotypes together with several post-translational modifications, a concept known as tubulin code. Tubulin detyrosination is a reversible post-translational modification which consists in the removal of the genetically encoded C-terminal tyrosine residue of most α-tubulins. While this modification has been observed in the megakaryocyte lineage, its importance remains poorly understood in platelet biogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetinal Imaging in an Era of Open Science and Privacy Protection.
Exp Eye Res
March 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address:
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for analyzing complex data to advance patient care and disease research. For example, AI interpretation of retinal imaging may enable the development of noninvasive retinal biomarkers of systemic disease. One potential limitation, however, is government regulation regarding retinal imaging as biometric data, which has been recently under debate in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosynthesized Fe-C-dots nanozymes modulate growth, physiological and phytochemical peculiarity to improve saline-alkaline stress tolerance in wheat.
Plant Physiol Biochem
March 2025
College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China. Electronic address:
Nanotechnology has shown great potential to improve agricultural production and increase crop tolerance to abiotic stresses, including saline-alkaline environments. This study focuses on the biological mechanism of biocompatible iron-doped carbon dots (Fe-C-dots) nanozyme biosynthesized from artemisinin extract to alleviate saline-alkaline stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteostasis Disruption in Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes.
Blood
March 2025
UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States.
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are genetic disorders of impaired hematopoiesis that manifest in childhood with both cytopenias and extra-hematologic findings. While several IBMFS are categorized as ribosomopathies due to shared underlying ribosomal dysfunction, there is a broader disruption of the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network across both classic and emerging IBMFS. Precise regulation of the proteostasis network, including mechanisms of protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation as well as associated stress response pathways, has emerged as essential for maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, providing new potential mechanistic insights into IBMFS pathogenesis.
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