Diversity of frankiae in soils from five continents.

Syst Appl Microbiol

Texas State University, Department of Biology, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.

Published: December 2009

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study created clone libraries of the nifH gene from nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia found in soils from various continents through nested PCR.
  • Comparative sequence analysis of the libraries showed three to four distinct clusters linked to specific host plants (Elaeagnus and Alnus), with one cluster often containing the majority of sequences.
  • A meta-analysis indicated greater diversity overall, with notable discrepancies between Frankia populations found in soil versus those in root nodules, highlighting the limitations of current bioassays to accurately reflect the Frankia communities present in soil.

Article Abstract

Clone libraries of nifH gene fragments specific for the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia were generated from six soils obtained from five continents using a nested PCR. Comparative sequence analyses of all libraries (n=247 clones) using 96 to 97% similarity thresholds revealed the presence of three and four clusters of frankiae representing the Elaeagnus and the Alnus host infection groups, respectively. Diversity of frankiae was represented by fewer clusters (i.e., up to four in total) within individual libraries, with one cluster generally harboring the vast majority of sequences. Meta-analysis including sequences previously published for cultures (n=48) and for uncultured frankiae in root nodules of Morella pensylvanica formed in bioassays with the respective soils (n=121) revealed a higher overall diversity with four and six clusters of frankiae representing the Elaeagnus and the Alnus host infection groups, respectively, and displayed large differences in cluster assignments between sequences retrieved from clone libraries and those obtained from nodules, with assignments to the same cluster only rarely encountered for individual soils. These results demonstrate large differences between detectable Frankia populations in soil and those in root nodules indicating the inadequacy of bioassays for the analysis of frankiae in soil and the role of plants in the selection of frankiae from soil for root nodule formation.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2009.07.008DOI Listing

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