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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.17.9327 | DOI Listing |
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Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have traditionally been viewed as self-renewing, multipotent cells with enormous potential in sustaining essential steady state blood and immune cell production throughout life. Indeed, around 86% (10-10) of new cells generated daily in a healthy young human adult are of hematopoietic origin. Therapeutically, human HSCs have contributed to over 1.
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Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Mammalian and Regulatory Networks, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Homeostatic Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Electronic address:
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a circulating serine protease inhibitor, is an acute inflammatory response protein with anti-inflammatory functions. The C-terminal peptides of AAT are found in various tissues and have been proposed as putative bioactive peptides with multiple functions, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We previously reported that a mouse AAT C-terminal peptide of 35 amino acids (mAAT-C) penetrates plasma membrane and associates guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha 13 (Gα13).
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T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are highly plastic CD4 Th cell subsets, being able not only to actively adapt to their microenvironment, but also to interconvert, acquiring mixed identity markers. These phenotypic changes are underpinned by transcriptional control mechanisms, chromatin reorganization events and epigenetic modifications, that can be hereditable and stable over time. The Ikaros family of transcription factors have a predominant role in T cell subset specification through mechanisms of transcriptional program regulation that enable phenotypical diversification.
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