For many years, the biokinetics of radioactive substances was calculated on the basis of mathematical criteria only. Biokinetic compartments in most cases did not correspond to anatomically defined distribution areas in an organism but were operational values. However, the quality of the resulting models depends on how accurately their assumptions reflect reality. Ideally, a biokinetic model develops which reproduces reality. In the past few years, this need has resulted increasingly in physiological operational sequences being modelled in realistic anatomical structures of the body along with physicochemical parameters. In this study, an estimate of the biokinetic operational sequence after an incorporation of plutonium is made similar to the pharmacokinetics of a substance showing comparable chemical and physiological behaviours in the body. These behaviours are found for metals, iron and aluminium. Thus, comparison of the biokinetics of plutonium with the pharmacokinetics of aluminium results in some commonalities and some differences. A new model with physiological compartments for plutonium is presented on the basis of the biokinetics of aluminium.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncp150 | DOI Listing |
J Radiol Prot
December 2024
Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, UNITED STATES.
Since 1968, the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) has studied the biokinetics and tissue dosimetry of uranium and transuranium elements in nuclear workers. As part of the USTUR collaboration with the Million Person Study (MPS) of Low-Dose Health Effects, radiation dose to different parts of the human heart is being estimated for workers with documented intakes of 239Pu or 226Ra. The study may be expanded for workers with intakes of 238U and other radionuclides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Phys
July 2024
United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University (WSU), Richland, WA 99354.
The present work models plutonium (Pu) biokinetics in a female former nuclear worker. Her bioassay measurements are available at the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries. The worker was internally exposed to a plutonium-americium mixture via acute inhalation at a nuclear weapons facility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiat Res
December 2023
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545.
This work describes an analysis, using a previously established chelation model, of the bioassay data collected from a worker who received delayed chelation therapy following a plutonium-238 inhalation. The details of the case have already been described in two publications. The individual was treated with Ca-DTPA via multiple intravenous injections and then nebulizations beginning several months after the intake and continuing for four years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiat Environ Biophys
November 2023
Institut für Medizintechnik, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
A major challenge in modelling the decorporation of actinides (An), such as americium (Am), with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is the fact that standard biokinetic models become inadequate for assessing radionuclide intake and estimating the resulting dose, as DTPA perturbs the regular biokinetics of the radionuclide. At present, most attempts existing in the literature are empirical and developed mainly for the interpretation of one or a limited number of specific incorporation cases. Recently, several approaches have been presented with the aim of developing a generic model, one of which reported the unperturbed biokinetics of plutonium (Pu), the chelation process and the behaviour of the chelated compound An-DTPA with a single model structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiat Prot Dosimetry
October 2023
Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Accidental inhalation intake of plutonium isotopes and 241Am occurred at a Pu research facility in Japan in 2017, and the five workers involved in this accident were treated by the administration of Ca/Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). For the worker who was most internally exposed, the therapy was continued over 1 y after the accident. Urinary samples collected before and after each administration were subject to bioassay to evaluate the efficacy of the dose reduction.
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