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Rapid change in red cell blood group systems after the main Out of Africa of Homo sapiens.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France.
Despite the advances in paleogenomics, red cell blood group systems in ancient human populations remain scarcely known. Pioneer attempts showed that Neandertal and Denisova, two archaic hominid populations inhabiting Eurasia, expressed blood groups currently found in sub-Saharans and a rare "rhesus", part of which is found in Oceanians. Herein we fully pictured the blood group genetic diversity of 22 Homo sapiens and 14 Neandertals from Eurasia living between 120,000 and 20,000 years before present (yBP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaplotype-Based Approach Represents Locus Specificity in the Genomic Diversification Process in Humans ().
Genes (Basel)
November 2024
Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan.
Background/objectives: Recent progress in evolutionary genomics on human () populations has revealed complex demographic events and genomic changes. These include population expansion with complicated migration, substantial population structure, and ancient introgression from other hominins, as well as human characteristics selections. Nevertheless, the genomic regions in which such evolutionary events took place have remained unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Grotte du Bison Neandertals (Arcy-sur-Cure, France).
J Hum Evol
December 2024
Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Univ. Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, MSH Mondes-CNRS-Ministère de la Culture, ArScAn, UMR 7041, 92000, Nanterre, France.
The Grotte du Bison, in Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France), yielded a large assemblage of 49 Neandertal remains from late Mousterian layers, offering critical insights for the study of Middle to Upper Paleolithic populations of Western Europe. Previous studies described the external morphology of 13 isolated teeth and a partial maxilla. Building on this previous work, the current study provides further descriptions and analyses of the remains, including one postcranial fragment, six cranial fragments, two maxillary fragments, and 40 isolated teeth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analyzing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from ~45,000 year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kůň.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA history of multiple Denisovan introgression events in modern humans.
Nat Genet
December 2024
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
The identification of a new hominin group in the Altai mountains called Denisovans was one of the most exciting discoveries in human evolution in the last decade. Unlike Neanderthal remains, the Denisovan fossil record consists of only a finger bone, jawbone, teeth and skull fragments. Leveraging the surviving Denisovan segments in modern human genomes has uncovered evidence of at least three introgression events from distinct Denisovan populations into modern humans in the past.
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