Cognitive enhancements in human beings.

In the area of genometry-the nascent field of science and technology that proposes to apply enhanced understanding of the human genetic code to reshaping our individual and collective destinies-research and development directed toward improving the function of the human brain has not advanced at the same rate as studies focused on physical enhancement. This article describes developments in the area of cognitive enhancement, including the rise in nonmedical uses of prescription drugs. As those without medical ailments continue to take prescription drugs for their cognitive-enhancing side effects, social policy questions about the fairness of such actions will arise. This article also examines the regulation of cognitive enhancers, both by US law and the rules of international competition.