Posttreatment surveillance after paraaortic radiotherapy for stage I seminoma: a systematic analysis.

Context: The extent and duration of routine follow-up after paraaortic (PA) radiotherapy for stage I seminoma remain controversial in terms of efficacy, costs of technical investigations and long-term morbidity.

Objective: To analyze the current literature assessing routine follow-up after PA radiotherapy for stage I seminoma.

Evidence Acquisition: We identified all published reports on PA radiotherapy for stage I seminoma (1986-2005). We analyzed time patterns of recurrence, sites and methods of detection of relapse, and follow-up programs used.

Evidence Synthesis: We identified 11 publications reporting outcome in 2,280 patients. Median time to recurrence in 80 relapsing patients was 15.5 months. Less than 10% of recurrences were diagnosed beyond the third year of follow-up. Isolated locoregional or distant recurrence was observed in 52 and 20 patients, respectively, without significant difference in median time to relapse. 19 out of 43 recurrences with reported method of detection of relapse were diagnosed by routine technical investigations. There was no significant difference in time to relapse between those patients followed with low volume as compared to high-volume imaging protocols.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that technical investigations in posttreatment surveillance should be restricted to the first 3 years of follow-up. Furthermore, surveillance programs with a high volume of imaging apparently do not lead to earlier detection or less advanced stage at the time of relapse as compared to protocols with low volume imaging.