Histomorphological study of the bone regeneration capacity of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow and tricalcium phosphate: Experimental study on pigs.

Introduction: Bone defects are rather common after oral surgery and may prove difficult to repair.

Objective: We provide a histomorphological analysis of the bone regenerative capacity of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations and the extraction of platelet-rich bone marrow, compared with beta-tricalcium phosphate.

Methodology: We performed an experimental study on 8 pigs, in which we performed trepanations of the mandible in order to place the materials to be studied. Using an electron microscope, we observed the samples obtained and took a series of photographs in order to analyze the samples through a gray-scale histogram system.

Results: Ossification phenomena were present in 96% of the charged defects, regardless of the material used to fill it. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the bone marrow (M) showed an equivalent degree of osteogenesis, 12.3 and 13.4 respectively, which is greater in than the control group. The platelet-poor plasma (PPP) shows a capacity similar to the control groups (C), with an average count of 14.03 and 14.12 respectively. Tricalcium phosphate (TP) was shown to be effective as an ossification inducer, 3.03 times stronger than the control group.

Conclusions: Ossification occurs in most of the charged defects. PRP and M had the greatest osteogenic capacity but PPP was no more effective than the control .