Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide: Pattern of secondary intraocular pressure rise and possible risk factors.

Purpose: To determine the pattern of increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and identify possible risk factors associated with this rise in IOP.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of records for 185 patients (226 eyes) who received 4 mg of IVTA at the American University of Beirut Medical Center and Hotel Dieu de France eye clinics between 2003 and 2005

Results: Mean follow-up was 8.17 months (range 6 to 24 months). The mean number of IVTA injections per eye was 1.31 +/- 0.69. The mean IOP increased after the first IVTA injection from 15.04 +/- 3.18 mmHg at baseline to a mean maximum of 17.20 +/- 5.75 mmHg (p < 0.0001, paired t-test) at month 3 of follow-up with a return to mean baseline IOP (15.49 +/- 4.79 mmHg) at month 12. Fifty nine of 226 eyes showed IOP higher than 21 mmHg during follow-up. Nine eyes started to have IOP greater than 21 mmHg, 6 to 12 months after a single injection. Intraocular pressure lowering medications were started when IOP exceeded 25 mmHg in 15 of the 226 eyes studied. No risk factors have been found to predict this IOP rise

Conclusions: IOP elevation can occur in a significant number of eyes receiving 4 mg of IVTA. This phenomenon seems to be transient and a small number of eyes required treatment during this period. Eyes that received IVTA need to be monitored for IOP changes especially during the first 3 months, but the IOP may still rise 6 months and even 12 months after a single injection. This study did not show any risk factor that may predict this IOP rise.