Although most dementias are due to neurodegenerative or vascular disease, it is important to diagnose immunologically mediated dementias quickly because they can be both rapidly progressive and readily treatable. They usually affect function of limbic and cortical structures, but subcortical involvement can also occur. Because of the variety of symptoms and the rapid course, these dementias present a particular challenge to the clinician and may require evaluation and intervention in the inpatient setting. Diagnostic workup typically reveals evidence of an autoimmune process and, in some cases, cancer. In contrast to the neurodegenerative processes, many of the immunologically mediated dementias respond to immunomodulatory therapy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2832614 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-009-0053-2 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Opportunities and limitations of B cell depletion approaches in SLE.
Nat Rev Rheumatol
January 2025
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
B cell depletion with rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively targets B cells by binding CD20, has been used off label in severe and resistant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for over two decades. Several biological mechanisms limit the efficacy of rituximab, including immunological reactions towards the chimeric molecule, increased numbers of residual B cells, including plasmablasts and plasma cells, and a post-treatment surge in B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels. Consequently, rituximab induces remission in only a proportion of patients, and safety issues limit its use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChoroid plexus volume is enlarged in long COVID and associated with cognitive and brain changes.
Mol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario ClÃnico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC). Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Patients with post-COVID condition (PCC) present with diverse symptoms which persist at long-term after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among these symptoms, cognitive impairment is one of the most prevalent and has been related to brain structural and functional changes. The underlying mechanisms of these cognitive and brain alterations remain elusive but neuroinflammation and immune mechanisms have been majorly considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroglial NLRP3-gasdermin D activation impairs blood-brain barrier integrity through interleukin-1β-independent neutrophil chemotaxis upon peripheral inflammation in mice.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disintegration is a key contributor to neuroinflammation; however, the biological processes governing BBB permeability under physiological conditions remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in BBB disruption following peripheral inflammatory challenges. Repeated intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide administration causes NLRP3-dependent BBB permeabilization and myeloid cell infiltration into the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntigenic determinants underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to peanut.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Background: Studies of human IgE and its targeted epitopes on allergens have been very limited. We have an established method to immortalize IgE encoding B cells from allergic individuals.
Objective: To develop an unbiased and comprehensive panel of peanut-specific human IgE mAbs to characterize key immunodominant antigenic regions and epitopes on peanut allergens to map the molecular interactions responsible for inducing anaphylaxis.
Durvalumab as consolidation therapy in patients who received chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC: Real-world data from an expanded access program in Brazil (LACOG 0120).
J Bras Pneumol
January 2025
. Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Hospital São Lucas, PontifÃcia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.
Objective: The PACIFIC trial established standard therapy for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who did not progress after platinum-based concurrent chemoradiation therapy. However, real-world data, particularly from Latin America, remain limited. The LACOG 0120 study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of consolidation therapy with durvalumab in a real-world setting in Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!