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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 (NOD1) is one of the innate immune receptors that has been associated with tumorigenesis and abnormally expressed in various cancers. However, the role of NOD1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has not been investigated. We used the Tumor Immune Estimate Resource (TIMER) database to compare the differential expression of NOD1 in various tumors.

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The primary cause of viral encephalitis (VE) is invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by the virus, which leads to neuroinflammation and poses a significant threat to global public health. Microglia, as CNS-resident macrophages, play a crucial role in neuroinflammation and are often identified as the preferred target for the prevention or treatment of VE. In this study, we used pseudorabies virus (PRV)-induced VE in mice and pigs as a model to investigate the regulation of microglial responses during viral encephalitis and explored the mechanism of microglial activation.

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Artificial insemination (AI) in cattle involves introducing frozen-thawed sperm, a minimal amount of seminal plasma, and a significant volume of semen extender (SE) into the uterus. Previous studies have demonstrated that sperm interacts with bovine endometrial epithelia via TLR 2/1, triggering a weak inflammatory response to clear the endometrium. This study investigated the impact of the major component of the insemination dose, egg yolk-based SE, on the uterine immune response in vitro.

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