The total entropy production fluctuations are studied in some exactly solvable models. For these systems, the detailed fluctuation theorem holds even in the transient state, provided initially that the system is prepared in thermal equilibrium. The nature of entropy production during the relaxation of a system to equilibrium is analyzed. The averaged entropy production over a finite time interval gives a better bound for the average work performed on the system than that obtained from the well-known Jarzynski equality. Moreover, the average entropy production as a quantifier for information theoretic nature of irreversibility for finite time nonequilibrium processes is discussed.
The safety and cycling stability of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are deeply associated with potassium-ion electrolytes. However, due to the weak Lewis acidity of potassium ions, localized high-concentration electrolytes in PIBs are prone to excessive weak solvation. Herein, we propose an entropy repair strategy for the solvation structure of potassium ions and systematically design a moderately weakly solvated high-entropy localized high-concentration electrolyte.
Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China; School of Materials Science & Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China. Electronic address:
High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst to overcome the existing issues of the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability. In this study, IrRuCoCuNi HEA three-dimensional-nanoframeworks (3DNF) are prepared using a scalable approach-the spray-drying technique combined with thermal decomposition reduction (SD-TDR). The optimized catalyst, IrRuCoCuNi, demonstrates superior OER performance, with an overpotential of 264 mV at 10 mA cm and a Tafel slope of 47 mV dec, considerably surpassing the catalytic activity of commercial IrO.
Background: Processing methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials are critical in influencing the active metabolites and pharmacological effects. The fresh processing method effectively prevents the loss and degradation of metabolites, common in traditional drying and softening processes, while also reducing production costs. (AR), a leguminous botanical drug, is widely utilized in clinical practice and functional foods.
Transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) have emerged as a promising class of 2D materials that can be used for various applications. Recently, a new form of high-entropy MXenes has been reported, which contains an increased number of elemental species that can increase the configurational entropy and reduce the Gibbs free energy. The unique structure and composition lead to a range of intriguing and tunable characteristics.
The brain is a highly complex and delicate system, and its internal neural processes are manifested as the interweaving and superposition of multi-frequency neural signals. However, traditional brain network studies are often limited to the whole frequency band or a specific frequency band, ignoring the potentially profound impact of the diversity of information within the frequency on the dynamics of brain networks. To comprehensively and deeply analyze this phenomenon, the present study is devoted to exploring the specific performance of brain networks at different frequencies.
