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In this brief paper I argue that to understand Freud is to understand the meanings of his ideas. The choice of words to describe these ideas is usually relatively insignificant and does not in itself determine understanding. Thus, the translation of Trieb as "drive" rather than "instinct" does not change the phenomena that Freud addresses through the term Trieb, nor does it open us to the understanding of Freud's profound, complex and evolving ideas regarding these phenomena.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat's in a word? Defining "gene therapy medicines".
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev
December 2024
Cencora PharmaLex, Basler Strasse 7, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany.
Gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) have emerged as a transformative class of medicines. Defining what a certain class of medicines encompasses, and what it does not, is key, with ample implications and consequential regulatory requirements. In April 2023, the European Commission proposed new pharmaceutical legislation safeguarding the public health within the European Union with a new, broader definition of GTMP, including genome editing medicines and nucleic acids of either source, regulating, replacing, or adding a genetic sequence that mediates its effect by transcription or translation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow Toddlers Use Core and Fringe Vocabulary: What's in an Utterance?
Am J Speech Lang Pathol
July 2024
College of Community Innovation and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando.
Purpose: Selecting vocabulary for preliterate individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication presents multiple challenges, as the number of symbols provided must be balanced with cognitive, motoric, and other needs. Prioritizing certain types of vocabulary thus becomes a necessity. For example, prioritizing core vocabulary-that is, words that are commonly used across a group of people and contexts-is a common practice that attempts to address some of these issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat's in a Name? Experimental Evidence of Gender Bias in Recommendation Letters Generated by ChatGPT.
J Med Internet Res
March 2024
Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Background: Artificial intelligence chatbots such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) have garnered excitement about their potential for delegating writing tasks ordinarily performed by humans. Many of these tasks (eg, writing recommendation letters) have social and professional ramifications, making the potential social biases in ChatGPT's underlying language model a serious concern.
Objective: Three preregistered studies used the text analysis program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to investigate gender bias in recommendation letters written by ChatGPT in human-use sessions (N=1400 total letters).
Scientific Writing-What's in a Word.
J Nutr Educ Behav
February 2024
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, Advancing Practice, Research & Policy.
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