Context: Just as typical development of anatomical asymmetries in the human brain has been linked with normal lateralization of motor and cognitive functions, disruption of asymmetry has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No study has examined the development of cortical asymmetry using longitudinal neuroanatomical data.
Objective: To delineate the development of cortical asymmetry in children with and without ADHD.
Design: Longitudinal study.
Setting: Government Clinical Research Institute.
Participants: A total of 218 children with ADHD and 358 typically developing children, from whom 1133 neuroanatomical magnetic resonance images were acquired prospectively.
Main Outcome Measures: Cortical thickness was estimated at 40 962 homologous points in the left and right hemispheres, and the trajectory of change in asymmetry was defined using mixed-model regression.
Results: In right-handed typically developing individuals, a mean (SE) increase in the relative thickness of the right orbitofrontal and inferior frontal cortex with age of 0.011 (0.0018) mm per year (t(337) = 6.2, P < .001) was balanced against a relative left-hemispheric increase in the occipital cortical regions of 0.013 (0.0015) mm per year (t(337) = 8.1, P < .001). Age-related change in asymmetry in non-right-handed typically developing individuals was less extensive and was localized to different cortical regions. In ADHD, the posterior component of this evolving asymmetry was intact, but the prefrontal component was lost.
Conclusions: These findings explain the way that, in typical development, the increased dimensions of the right frontal and left occipital cortical regions emerge in adulthood from the reversed pattern of childhood cortical asymmetries. Loss of the prefrontal component of this evolving asymmetry in ADHD is compatible with disruption of prefrontal function in the disorder and demonstrates the way that disruption of typical processes of asymmetry can inform our understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948210 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.103 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Development and Application of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Systemic and Organ Exposure of Colorectal Cancer Drugs.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
Background/objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) holds the third and second position among cancers affecting men and women, respectively. Frequently, the first-line treatment for metastatic CRC consists of the intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) aim to mechanistically incorporate body physiology and drug physicochemical attributes, enabling the description of both systemic and organ drug exposure based on the treatment specificities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPartial AUCs in Long-Acting Injectables: Rationale, Challenges, Variability, Usefulness, and Clinical Relevance.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Pharmathen SA, 31 Spartis Str., 14452 Metamorfosi Attica, Greece.
Regulatory authorities typically require bioequivalence to be demonstrated by comparing pharmacokinetic parameters like area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C). Because in certain cases, AUC and C alone may not be adequate to identify formulation differences in early and/or late segments of the dosing interval, partial AUCs (pAUCs) have been proposed as additional metrics to evaluate bioequivalence. Even though cut-off points for pAUCs are usually decided based on clinical relevance, the identification of the correct cut-off range remains elusive in many other cases and tends to contribute to increased pAUC estimate variabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGWAS Identifies SNP Markers and Candidate Genes for Off-Flavours and Protein Content in Faba Bean ( L.).
Plants (Basel)
January 2025
Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Faba bean ( L.) is a valuable ingredient in plant-based foods such as meat and dairy analogues. However, its typical taste and aroma are considered off-flavours in these food applications, representing a bottleneck during processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Dynamics Study of Polyacrylamide and Polysaccharide-Derived Flocculants Adsorption on Mg(OH) Surfaces at pH 11.
Polymers (Basel)
January 2025
Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
Brucite (Mg(OH)) is a typical precipitate in the mining industry that adversely affects processes such as flotation and thickening. Gaining insights into the physicochemical properties of this mineral is critical for developing strategies to mitigate these challenges and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, incorporating natural-origin polymers aligns with the shift toward more sustainable mining practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of Post-Industrial Leather Waste for the Development of Sustainable Rubber Composites.
Polymers (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil.
The substantial waste generated during the processing of hides and skins as well as at other stages of manufacturing is a recurring issue in the leather industry that this article attempts to address. To investigate the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the resultant composites, this study suggests using leather waste from the bovine leather industry, analyzes the tanning process, and assesses the viability of mixing this waste with natural rubber (TSR-20). Without the inclusion of leather waste, the resulting composites had exceptional tensile strength, surpassing 100% of rubber's strength.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!