This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (1,3,4-DPOD) derivatives for detecting beta-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's brains. The affinity for beta-amyloid plaques was assessed by an in vitro binding assay using pre-formed synthetic Abeta42 aggregates. The new series of 1,3,4-DPOD derivatives showed affinity for Abeta42 aggregates with K(i) values ranging from 20 to 349 nM. The 1,3,4-DPOD derivatives clearly stained beta-amyloid plaques in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, reflecting the affinity for Abeta42 aggregates in vitro. Compared to 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (1,2,4-DPOD) derivatives, they displayed good penetration of and fast washout from the brain in biodistribution experiments using normal mice. The novel radioiodinated 1,3,4-DPOD derivatives may be useful probes for detecting beta-amyloid plaques in the Alzheimer's brain.
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