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Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially serious but poorly studied mycosis in Ecuador. It is not a notifiable infection; therefore, its true incidence and prevalence in Ecuador remain unknown. Because primary lung disease due to coccidioidomycoses is typically self-limiting, it does not usually require treatment.

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Managing Cavitary Coccidioidomycosis Expert Opinions for Improving Patient Outcomes.

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December 2024

University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.

Coccidioidomycosis, caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, is recognized as an increasing threat both nationally and worldwide. This is in large part secondary to the expanding range of Coccidioides species and increased international travel to endemic regions. Most individuals exposed to airborne Coccidioides organisms do not need medical attention, but approximately 30% will demonstrate primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with signs and symptoms that mimic community-acquired pneumonia or other respiratory illnesses.

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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection commonly found in the tropical regions of southwestern United States, such as Arizona, the Central Valley of California, parts of New Mexico, and western Texas. The endemic regions also extend into northern Mexico and include focal endemic areas in sections of Central America and Argentina. Coccidioides species have also been reported in central and southern Utah, Nevada, and the central part of Washington State.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Respiratory fungal infections pose a serious health risk and existing animal models don't accurately mimic human disease, prompting the need for better research models.
  • - This study used primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) to examine responses to two important fungal pathogens through single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • - Findings showed that while both fungi caused cellular stress and inflammation, they impacted different cell types and pathways, highlighting unique stress responses that could lead to potential treatment targets.
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Article Synopsis
  • Coccidioidomycosis poses a significant risk to lung transplant recipients, especially when they move to areas where the fungus is common, like Phoenix, Arizona.
  • A study involving 40 lung transplant patients showed that most were not on antifungal prophylaxis upon relocating, but 96% started azole therapy soon after.
  • Only one case of coccidioidomycosis was recorded during the follow-up period, indicating that azole prophylaxis is effective at reducing the risk of this disease in high-risk populations.
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