Atraumatic osteonecrosis has been associated with a variety of clinical conditions including corticosteroid usage, alcoholism, infections, hyperbaric events, storage disorders, marrow-infiltrating diseases, coagulation defects, and some autoimmune diseases. Osteonecrosis due to thrombophilia is an extremely rare condition with only few cases reported previously in the literature. Hormone-replacement therapies cause increased risk of venous thrombosis, probably by causing a synergistic effect with inherited clotting defects. In this article, we report a young female with Turner syndrome, who developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head during treatment with oral estrogen, which was associated with low protein S levels.
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Implant survival at four years for hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head.
Bone Joint J
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
Aims: Hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are often the preferred forms of treatment for patients with atraumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head when conservative treatment fails. Little has been reported about the survival of HA and TSA for this indication. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in revision rates between HA and TSA in these patients, to determine whether one of these implants has a superior survival and may be a better choice in the treatment of this condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-operative treatment in advanced atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head in patients under 50 years old: an observational study.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
The humeral head is the second most common anatomical site of osteonecrosis after the femoral head. Studies have reported satisfactory clinical outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty to treat osteonecrosis of the humeral head (ONHH). However, there are concerns regarding implant longevity in relatively young patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteonecrosis and Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review.
J Maxillofac Oral Surg
August 2024
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka India.
Aim: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality that has been used clinically for early stage and inoperable cancers. Successful use of this atraumatic therapy in osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) has been documented in the literature. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the role of photodynamic therapy in ORN and ONJ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubchondral insufficiency fracture of the medial femoral condyle treated conservatively with early non-weightbearing.
Radiol Case Rep
October 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke's Hospital, Thessaloniki 55236, Greece.
Article Synopsis
- Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK), now known as "subchondral insufficiency fracture," is a condition that causes sudden knee pain and swelling, often linked to a meniscal root tear.
- Diagnosis can be confirmed through imaging techniques, with plain radiographs for late-stage cases and MRI for early detection.
- Treatment starts conservatively with non-weightbearing and medications like NSAIDs, but may require surgery or arthroscopic techniques if the condition worsens.
The Multiplicative Effects of Individual Risk Factors in the Development of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.
J Arthroplasty
September 2024
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Background: While individual risk factors, including chronic corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, and smoking, are implicated in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), the degree to which multiple risk factors increase risk is unknown. This study aimed to: (1) identify the demographic characteristics of patients who have ONFH; (2) quantify the effects of individual risk factors on ONFH development; (3) quantify the effects of combined risk factors on ONFH development; and (4) determine the prognostic implications of combined risk factors on ONFH development.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.
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