A total of 2,570 apparently healthy human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults from the six geopolitical zones in the country were enrolled in our study in 2006. The samples were assayed using the Cyflow technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The majority (64%) of the participants had CD4 counts within the range of 501 to 1,000 cells/microl. The reference range for CD4 was 365 to 1,571 cells/microl, while the reference range for CD8 was 145 to 884 cells/microl.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00378-08 | DOI Listing |
BMC Infect Dis
July 2020
Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: Extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately one-half of TB cases in HIV-infected individuals with pleural TB as the second most common location. Even though mycobacteria are cleared, mycobacterial antigens may persist in infected tissues, causing sustained inflammation and chronicity of the disease. The aim of this study was to explore various mycobacterial antigens in pleural effusions, the impact of HIV infection and CD4+ T-cell depletion on the presence of antigens, and the diagnostic potential of antigens for improved and rapid diagnosis of pleural TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the last years the retroviral disease, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), turned from an incurable to a chronic disease. This fundamental change happened due to a huge progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this infection. However, one question still remains open: what is the best time to introduce therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFS Afr Med J
April 2011
The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town.
Background: Timely initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a critical component of the case management of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) and advanced immunodeficiency. We sought to determine the impact of the introduction of provider-initiated HIV-testing in TB clinics in 2005 on subsequent referrals of patients with HIV-associated TB at a community-based ART service in Cape Town.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of an ART cohort database (2002 - 2008) stratified by calendar periods.
J Aquat Anim Health
June 2010
Mystic Aquarium, a Division of Sea Research Foundation, Inc., 55 Coogan Boulevard, Mystic, Connecticut 06355, USA.
There is generally a dearth of information involving reference ranges of health variables for numerous elasmobranch species commonly housed in zoos and aquaria; thus, extrapolation from a few existing elasmobranch studies is commonly used to assess health parameters in these species. The primary objective of this study was to establish baseline complete blood cell count and plasma chemistry reference ranges for captive individuals of the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus, an elasmobranch that is widely displayed in zoos and aquaria worldwide. This study was conducted using 18 adult cownose rays currently housed at the Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration in Connecticut.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
October 2010
Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cough as the trigger for tuberculosis screening in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, with acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear as the initial diagnostic test. Our objective was to assess the yield and cost of a more intensive tuberculosis screening in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Durban, South Africa.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled adults, regardless of tuberculosis signs/symptoms, who were undergoing ART training from May 2007 to May 2008.
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