In two groups of Wistar rats differing in horizontal motor activity in an open field, there was a dramatic lowering of that parameter after 2 weeks of administration of L-DOPA in the daily dose 50 mg/kg bw. The lowering in each group turned out different. Interferometric and cytophotometric studies of layers III and IV neurons of the sensorimotor cortex, n. caudatus and n. accumbens, made it possible to detect changes in the area of cytoplasm and neuronal nuclei, in their protein content, in aminopeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The intensity and tendencies of the changes varied in both groups animals. It is concluded that excess dopamine produces an effect on the plastic and oxidative types of neuronal metabolism in the indicated structures.
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J Anat
January 2025
Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Non-image forming (NIF) pathways, a specialized branch of retinal circuitry, play a crucial role supporting physiological and behavioral processes, including circadian rhythmicity. Among the NIF regions, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a midbrain serotonergic cluster of neurons, is also devoted to circadian functions. Despite indirectly send photic inputs to circadian centers and modulating their activities, little is known about the organization of retina-DRN circuits in primate species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Rep
January 2025
Department of Translational Neuroscience, Center for Addiction Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 115 South Chestnut St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
Background: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) remains a significant problem in the United States, with high rates of relapse and no present FDA-approved treatment. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, specifically through modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) function, has shown promise as a therapeutic target for multiple aspects of CUD. Enhancement of the M mAChR subtype via positive allosteric modulation has been shown to inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine across several rodent models of CUD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Res Perspect
February 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
The Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat is an accepted rodent model for depression that presents with strong face, construct, and predictive validity, thereby making it suitable to investigate novel antidepressant mechanisms. Despite the translatability of this model, available literature on this model has not been reviewed for more than ten years. The PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles between 2013 and 2024, with keywords relating to the Flinders line rat, and all findings relevant to treatment naïve animals, included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathophysiology
December 2024
Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths and limitations of commonly used rat models, such as single prolonged stress (SPS), stress-re-stress (S-R), and predator-based paradigms, in replicating human PTSD pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Alzheimer Res
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Introduction/objective: Apathy is a multidimensional and complex disease that is the primary neuropsychiatric symptom among those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, apathy in AD is sometimes underestimated.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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