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William Budd: Revolutionizing Epidemiology and Public Health in the 19th Century.
Cureus
December 2024
General Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok, IND.
William Budd (1811-1880) was a pioneering British physician whose work on infectious diseases, particularly typhoid fever, significantly advanced the understanding of epidemiology and public health in the 19th century. This review examines Budd's life, medical career, and groundbreaking contributions to the study of infectious diseases, focusing on his influential research into the transmission of typhoid fever, advocacy for public health reforms, and lasting legacy in epidemiology. Through meticulous research and innovative thinking, Budd laid the groundwork for modern approaches to disease control and prevention, cementing his place as a key figure in medical history.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving the odds of survival: transgenerational effects of infections.
EMBO Mol Med
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Recent studies argue for a novel concept of the role of chromatin as a carrier of epigenetic memory through cellular and organismal generations, defining and coordinating gene activity states and physiological functions. Environmental insults, such as exposures to unhealthy diets, smoking, toxic compounds, and infections, can epigenetically reprogram germ-line cells and influence offspring phenotypes. This review focuses on intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in different plants, animal species and humans, presenting the up-to-date evidence and arguments for such effects in light of Darwinian and Lamarckian evolutionary theories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGerms, infections, and the erratic 'natural laboratory' of Antarctica: from Operation Snuffles to the Killer Kleenex.
Med Hist
January 2025
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Historians have written copiously about the shift to 'germ theories' of disease around the turn of the twentieth century, but in these accounts an entire continent has been left out: Antarctica. This article begins to rebalance our historiography by bringing cold climates back into the story of environmental medicine and germ theory. It suggests three periods of Antarctic (human) microbial research - heroic sampling, systematic studies, and viral space analogue - and examines underlying ideas about 'purity' and infection, the realities of fieldwork, and the use of models in biomedicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeritable polygenic editing: the next frontier in genomic medicine?
Nature
January 2025
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Polygenic genome editing in human embryos and germ cells is predicted to become feasible in the next three decades. Several recent books and academic papers have outlined the ethical concerns raised by germline genome editing and the opportunities that it may present. To date, no attempts have been made to predict the consequences of altering specific variants associated with polygenic diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA mutualistic model bacterium is lethal to non-symbiotic hosts via the type VI secretion system.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University.
What makes a bacterium pathogenic? Since the early days of germ theory, researchers have categorized bacteria as pathogens or non-pathogens, those that cause harm and those that do not, but this binary view is not always accurate. is an exclusive mutualistic symbiont found within the light organs of Hawaiian bobtail squid. This symbiotic interaction requires to utilize a range of behaviors and produce molecules that are often associated with pathogenicity.
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