Each year about 1.5 million people suffer from a traumatic brain injury. Many of these are seen in primary care settings and most recover completely. Traumatic brain injury can show many signs and symptoms, some of which are readily identified and treated. Often the neurobehavioral sequelae appear months to years later and can cause long-term disability and impairment in neurobehavioral functioning. The rehabilitation of these patients is a long and difficult process requiring early identification and proper management. This article reviews the importance of recognizing the neurobehavioral consequences of frontal lobe injury.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181aba321 | DOI Listing |
Front Neurol
January 2025
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Objective: To investigate the altered characteristics of cortical morphology and individual-based morphological brain networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as the neural network mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in T2DM.
Methods: A total of 150 T2DM patients and 130 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. The study used voxel- and surface-based morphometric analyses to investigate morphological alterations (including gray matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and localized gyrus index) in the brains of T2DM patients.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Mucormycosis is an aggressive, lethal fungal infection affecting the nasal and paranasal territory in immunocompromised patients. Orbital involvement is not uncommon and may require orbital exenteration. The management of orbital involvement in invasive fungal sinusitis is challenging, ranging from conservative retrobulbar amphotericin B injection in the early stages to orbital exenteration in late stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Brain
January 2025
Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
Cognitive processes such as action planning and decision-making require the integration of multiple sensory modalities in response to temporal cues, yet the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Sleep has a crucial role for memory consolidation and promoting cognitive flexibility. Our aim is to identify the role of sleep in integrating different modalities to enhance cognitive flexibility and temporal task execution while identifying the specific brain regions that mediate this process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities (IFSH) observed on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI have been proposed as indicators of elevated cerebrospinal fluid waste accumulation in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, to validate IFSH as a reliable imaging biomarker, further replication studies are required. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between IFSH and CSVD, and their potential repercussions, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Res
January 2025
Neural Prosthetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
The primary motor cortex (M1) is believed to be a cortical center for the execution of limb movements. Although M1 neurons mainly project to the spinal cord on the contralateral side, some M1 neurons project to the ipsilateral side via the uncrossed corticospinal pathway. Moreover, some M1 neurons are activated during ipsilateral forelimb movements.
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