The accretion of matter onto a massive black hole is believed to feed the relativistic plasma jets found in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). Although some AGN accelerate particles to energies exceeding 10(12) electron volts and are bright sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission, it is not yet known where the VHE emission originates. Here we report on radio and VHE observations of the radio galaxy Messier 87, revealing a period of extremely strong VHE gamma-ray flares accompanied by a strong increase of the radio flux from its nucleus. These results imply that charged particles are accelerated to very high energies in the immediate vicinity of the black hole.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1175406 | DOI Listing |
Nanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
Nanomaterial properties such as size, structure, and composition can be controlled by manipulating radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams. This control allows scientists to create materials with desired properties that can be used in a wide range of applications, from electronics to medicine. This use of radiation for nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way we design and manufacture materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArh Hig Rada Toksikol
December 2024
1Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Radiation Protection, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coal mined in the shut-down Raša mine in Istria, Croatia had a high organic sulphur content. What has remained of its local combustion is a coal and ash waste (legacy site) whose trace element and radionuclide composition in soil has enduring consequences for the environment. The aim of this study was to follow up on previous research and investigate the potential impact on surrounding soil and local residents by characterising the site's ash and soil samples collected in two field campaigns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Radiat Isot
December 2024
Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Liquid scintillator consists of an organic solvent and one or more scintillation solutes, which can emit light pulses after absorbing X- and γ-rays, or high-energy particles. It has the characteristics of strong neutron/γ-ray (n/γ) discrimination, short decay time, unlimited size and low cost, which plays an important role in high-sensitivity and large-scale radiation detection, especially in the construction and safe operation of nuclear facilities. However, the impact of solvent selection and moisture content on the fluorescence-scintillation properties of scintillators has not been adequately investigated in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Radiat Isot
December 2024
Department of Radiological Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
The purpose of this study was to propose and evaluate an algorithm that maximizes the image quality of gamma-ray images using a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) photon-counting semiconductor detector (PCSD) under thin detector thickness conditions. In addition to the CZT PCSD, a pixel-matched parallel-hole collimator that can optimize the spatial resolution of gamma-ray images was modeled. A non-local mean (NLM) noise reduction algorithm was applied to the acquired images using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission platform to quantitatively evaluate the overall image quality improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fluoresc
December 2024
Department of Physics, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, India.
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