The lambda-DNA molecules self-assemble on cysteamine-modified gold (111) surface to form flat-lying self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The formation kinetics of such DNA SAMs is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM results show that DNA molecules do not arrange themselves on cysteamine-modified gold (111) surface into a well-ordered monolayer. It is also found that the surface density of DNA monolayer does not increase as the DNA concentration increases. The high temperature of DNA solution and the immersing in ultrapure water produce some obvious DNA bundles. Whereas divalent cations in DNA solution result in the formation of more compact DNA films. The obtained information may be useful for practical application of the DNA films and further theoretical studies.
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