2009 brought good news for the Indian Health Service, with a boost to its budget and $500 million in stimulus funding. The new director, Yvette Roubideaux, says it's a good start for an underfunded agency. But some think the stimulus money is unfairly targeting two states: Alaska and South Dakota. Jim Roberts, left, calls it a "boondoggle".
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Qnox index for quantification of intraoperative nociception and analgesia: a prospective single-centre validation study.
Br J Anaesth
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Background: The Qnox index is a novel monitor to quantify intraoperative nociception based on an electroencephalographic algorithm. We evaluated the ability of the Qnox index to discriminate noxious from non-noxious stimuli, respond to stimuli, and discriminate different levels of analgesia in patients under propofol anaesthesia with neuromuscular block.
Methods: Qnox was compared with heart rate and mean arterial pressure with five designated stimuli: tetanic stimulations without (tetanic 1) and with sufentanil (tetanic 2), skin incision, tracheal intubation, and a non-noxious period.
Revisiting motor unit recruitment to TMS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cortical inhibition is retained during voluntary contractions.
Exp Brain Res
January 2025
Dept. of Neurosurgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used for many years to study the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on single- or dual-pulse TMS and EMG and/or single motor unit (MU) recordings, many groups have described a loss of central inhibition as an early marker of ALS dysfunction, reflecting a state of cortical 'hyperexcitability'. This conclusion is not without its detractors, however, leading us to reexamine this issue using 4-pulse TMS, shown previously to be more effective for testing central motor pathway functional integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStimuli-Responsive Nano Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.
Small
January 2025
Molecular Imaging Center, National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
Nanomaterials with unparalleled physical and chemical attributes have become a cornerstone in the field of nanomedicine delivery. These materials can be engineered into various functionalized nanocarriers, which have become the focus of research. Stimulus-responsive nanodrug delivery systems (SRDDS) stand out as a sophisticated class of nanocarriers that can release drugs in response to environmental cues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEye reactions under the influence of drugs of abuse as measured by smartphones: a controlled clinical study in healthy volunteers.
Front Neurosci
January 2025
Kontigo Care AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
Background: It is known that illicit and prescribed drugs impact pupil size, eye movement and function. Still, comprehensive quantitative evaluations under known ambient light conditions are lacking, when smartphones are used for monitoring.
Methods: In this clinical study (NCT05731999), four medicinal products with addiction risks were administered to 48 subjects (18-70 years old, all with informed consent, 12 subjects per drug).
Human cathelicidin LL-37 rapidly disrupted colonic epithelial integrity.
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr
January 2025
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address:
The intestinal barrier, held together by epithelial cells and intercellular tight junction (TJ) proteins, prevents the penetration of microbial pathogens. Concurrently, intestinal epithelial cells secrete antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin. Cathelicidin has direct antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions, although its role in intestinal integrity remains elusive.
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