This study evaluates the long-term outcomes of infants with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who required initiation of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) prior to 28 days of age. Infants with ESRD present both ethical and technical challenges for pediatric nephrologists and neonatologists. Recent advances in the medical management of ESRD in infants combined with improved infant transplantation outcomes make it more likely that such infants can survive to successful kidney transplantation. We reviewed all infants initiating PD for ESRD before 28 days of age at the University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital from 1995 to 2004 (n = 23). Overall 1 - and 5-year patient survival was 52 and 48%, respectively. Twelve children received kidney transplants at a median age and weight of 1.12 years and 9.5 kg, respectively, with a 5-year graft survival rate of 83%. In summary, a majority of infants requiring renal replacement therapy with PD in the first month of life achieve long-term survival with a successful kidney transplant.
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