Cuprizone feeding is a commonly used model to study experimental de- and remyelination, with the corpus callosum being the most frequently investigated white matter tract. We have previously shown that demyelination is also extensive in the cerebral cortex in the cuprizone model. In the current study, we have performed a detailed analysis of the dynamics of demyelination in the cortex in comparison to the corpus callosum. Prominent and almost complete demyelination in the corpus callosum was observed after 4.5-5 weeks of 0.2% cuprizone feeding, whereas complete cortical demyelination was only observed after 6 weeks of cuprizone feeding. Interestingly, remyelination in the corpus callosum occurred even before the termination of cuprizone administration. Accumulation of microglia in the corpus callosum started as early as week 3 reaching its maximum at week 4.5 and was still significantly elevated at week 6 of cuprizone treatment. Within the cortex only a few scattered activated microglial cells were found. Furthermore, the intensity of astrogliosis, accumulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and nestin positive cells differed between the two areas investigated. The time course and dynamics of demyelination differ in the corpus callosum and in the cortex, suggesting different underlying pathomechanisms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.005 | DOI Listing |
Brain Imaging Behav
January 2025
Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
Background: Studies on the impact of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on function outcome have primarily concentrated on WMH volume, overlooking the potential significance of WMH location. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between WMH location and outcome in patients with their first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Methods: Patients who underwent their first AIS between September 2021 and September 2022 were recruited.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Background: Age, sex, and APOE genotype are well-established risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). Previous findings demonstrate that neuroinflammatory profiles of the human midlife female brain closely resemble the human AD brain. Given APOE's role in LOAD pathogenesis, here we investigate the contribution of this risk factor on targeted AD relevant transcriptional pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in driving the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the human brain, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. However, the initiation phase of inflammation and its potential sex differences remain elusive. In this study, we aim to provide translational validity to our preclinical findings by testing two hypotheses: 1) the inflammatory profile of late-onset AD (LOAD) is initiated and detectable during midlife aging, and 2) sex differences manifest in the brain by midlife.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Texas A&M University Health, Bryan, TX, USA.
Background: Our studies show that the small non-coding RNA, mir20a-3p, is neuroprotective for stroke in the acute phase and also attenuates long term cognitive decline in middle-aged female rats. Cognitive decline due to vascular diseases, such as stroke, is associated with secondary neurodegeneration in cortex and limbic structures. In this study, we assessed the volume of white matter, ventricles and regional diffusion-weighted MR imaging measures to delineate pathological tissue characteristics from the postmortem brain of stroke rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
January 2025
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
Cuprizone (CPZ) is a widely used toxin that induces demyelinating diseases in animal models, producing multiple sclerosis (MS)-like pathology in rodents. CPZ is one of the few toxins that triggers demyelination and subsequent remyelination following the cessation of its application. This study examines the functional consequences of CPZ-induced demyelination and the subsequent recovery of neural communication within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), with a particular focus on inter-hemispheric connectivity via the corpus callosum.
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