Spearmint has one major monoterpene, (-)-carvone, that constitutes up to 90% of all the monoterpenes present. Likewise, the major phenylpropanoid-rosmarinic acid-in spearmint accounts for up to 70% of the phenylpropanoids produced from the plant. These two compounds are each produced by separate distinct biosynthetic pathways which provide an excellent opportunity to study the influence of a wide number of environmental and chemical conditions on secondary metabolism and plant growth. The techniques presented in this chapter employ 1 g of fresh weight material for each secondary metabolite analyses. Analysis of single compounds obtained from the two distinct metabolic pathways simplifies the interpretation of the metabolic results allowing for direct correlations of culture factors on secondary metabolism.
National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. Electronic address:
Cadmium (Cd) is a genotoxic heavy metal causing severe toxicity symptoms in plants, which has been a major threat to worldwide crop production. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed as a novel strategy to facilitate the Cd stress and act as nano-fertilizers directly. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs; 15 mg/L) on plant growth, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant activity and root morphology in Capsicum chinense Jacq.
It is now understood that brain metastases do not occur randomly but have distinct spatial patterns depending on the origin of the cancer. According to the "seed and soil" hypothesis, the final colonization of metastatic cells is the result of their adaptation to the altered environment. To investigate the most favorable microenvironment for brain metastasis, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 177 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis and 548 patients with lung cancer brain metastasis to create a replicable probabilistic map of metastatic locations.
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) is crucial for immune system development and regulation, potentially benefiting COVID-19 outcomes. However, there are limited studies on the role of GH treatment in COVID-19 in children with short stature.
Methods: We conducted a survey study to evaluate the association between GH treatment and COVID-19 risk in short stature children aged 7 to 18 years.
The thyroid is a rare site for finding tumor metastases. Renal, colorectal, pulmonary, and mammary origin are the most frequent primary neoplasms. Clinical suspicion, early diagnosis, and active surveillance are important during follow-up.
Background: Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate islet cell function. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been associated with an elevated risk of acute pancreatitis. Data on the pancreatic safety of tirzepatide (a dual GLP-1 and GIP agonist) and its effects on islet cell function in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are scarce.
