In 100 human brains the spot and the mode of emergence of the 3rd, 4th and 6th cranial nerves where investigated. In analogy to spinal nerves a fusion of Fila radicularia to roots and of roots to the complete nerves could be described. For the 3rd nerve 3 types had to be distinguished: in 21% there was only 1 root, in 71% there were 2 roots, one of which emerged from the Sulcus n. oculomotorii and the other from the Crus cerebri and in 8% 2 roots formed a tong embracing the medical part of the Crus cerebri. The number of rootlets of the 4th nerve varied from 1 to 5; most frequently--in 45%--there were 2. The 6th nerve shows 3 types: in 46% 1 root, in 47% 2 roots and in 7% 3 roots.
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Surg Neurol Int
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Padilla Hospital of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina.
Background: Petroclival meningiomas are still a neurosurgical challenge due to their proximity to cranial nerves and cerebral vasculature along the surgical corridor. The usual extension of large petroclival meningiomas is along the posterior fossa, frequently compromising and displacing adjunct cranial nerves such as the sixth and seventh-eight cranial nerve complex with brainstem compression, causing progressive neurological deficit and severe headache. The goal of sizeable petroclival meningioma surgery treatment is a maximal resection with preservation of neurological function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mol Histol
January 2025
School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
Facial nerve injuries lead to significant functional impairments and psychological distress for affected patients. Effective repair of these injuries remains a challenge. For longer nerve gaps, the regeneration outcomes after nerve grafting remain suboptimal due to limited sources and postoperative immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Vis Sci Technol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Purpose: To evaluate the refractive differences among school-aged children with macular or peripapillary fundus tessellation (FT) distribution patterns, using fundus tessellation density (FTD) quantified by deep learning (DL) technology.
Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1942 school children aged six to 15 years, undergoing ocular biometric parameters, cycloplegic refraction, and fundus photography. FTD was quantified for both the macular (6 mm) and peripapillary (4 mm) regions, using DL-based image processing applied to 45° color fundus photographs.
Sleep Breath
January 2025
Departments of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, 156, Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24289, Republic of Korea.
Purpose: The effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) on autonomic nervous system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. We utilized heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to assess cardiac autonomic activity in patients with OSA, comparing those with and without allergic rhinitis (AR).
Methods: We enrolled 182 patients who visited our sleep clinic complaining of habitual snoring or apnea during sleep.
JBJS Case Connect
October 2024
Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
Case: A 47-year-old man presented with neck pain, restricted neck movements, along with involvement of facial and hypoglossal nerve. On the basis of clinico-radiological correlation, the patient was diagnosed with craniovertebral junction tuberculosis and was started on antitubercular therapy (ATT). Failing the conservative trial, the patient was operated and occipitocervical fusion was done with bone grafting.
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