AI Article Synopsis
- A carbon nanotube (CNT) acts like a tiny nozzle, with a diameter under 1 nm, and has been studied for how it ejects water in single-file molecular chains.
- The molecular-dynamics simulations show that water forms nanoscale clusters at the CNT outlet, releasing them intermittently, influenced heavily by temperature.
- As the temperature rises, the size of these clusters decreases while their release frequency increases, following a pattern related to reaction kinetics and the central limit theorem.
Article Abstract
A carbon nanotube (CNT) can be viewed as a molecular nozzle. It has a cylindrical shape of atomistic regularity, and the diameter can be even less than 1 nm. We have conducted molecular-dynamics simulations of water jet from a (6,6) CNT that confines water in a form of single-file molecular chain. The results show that the water forms nanoscale clusters at the outlet and they are released intermittently. The jet breakup is dominated by the thermal fluctuations, which leads to the strong dependence on the temperature. The cluster size n decreases and the release frequency f increases at higher temperatures. The f roughly follows the reaction kinetics by the transition state theory. The speed of a cluster is proportional to the 1/sqrt[n] because of the central limit theorem. These properties make great contrast with the macroscopic liquid jets.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.046307 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
New Infrared Spectra of the Water-CO Complex: Determination of Four Intermolecular Modes and Test of a High-Level Potential Energy Surface.
J Phys Chem A
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
High resolution infrared spectra of water-CO dimers are further studied using tunable infrared sources to probe a pulsed slit jet supersonic expansion. The relatively weak transition of DO-CO in the DO ν fundamental region (≈2760 cm) is observed for the first time, as are various spectra of DO-CO. Combination bands involving the intermolecular in plane geared bend (disrotatory) mode are observed for HO-CO (≈1642, 2397 cm) in the HO ν and CO ν regions, for HDO-CO (≈2761 cm) in the HDO ν region, and for DO-CO (≈2386, 2705 and 2821 cm) in the CO ν, DO ν, and DO ν regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced Cytotoxic Effects of Cold Plasma Deposition of Topotecan: A Novel Approach for Local Cancer Drug Delivery to Glioblastoma Cells.
Cancers (Basel)
January 2025
School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
Background/objectives: Despite the numerous advances in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment, GBM remains as the most malignant and aggressive form of brain cancer, characterized by a very poor outcome, highlighting the ongoing need for the development of new therapeutic strategies. A novel intervention using plasma-assisted local delivery of oncology drugs was developed to mediate the drug delivery, which might improve drug uptake and/or chemotherapeutic action. Topotecan (TPT), a water-soluble topoisomerase I inhibitor with major cytotoxic effects during the S-phase of the cell cycle, was selected as the candidate drug because despite its potent antitumor activity, the systemic administration to the brain is limited due to low crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology.
New Phytol
January 2025
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91011, USA.
A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy on influencing factors and prevention measures of coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disaster in deep coal mine mining.
Sci Rep
January 2025
College of Resources, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Taian, 271019, Shandong, China.
Because coal seam mining with high geostress and high gas pressure is prone to coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters, a disaster energy equation considering the influence of roof elastic energy is established, and a disaster energy criterion considering the influence of roof elastic energy is derived and introduced into COMSOL software to conduct numerical simulations of coal seam mining under different geostress and gas pressures. The study revealed that the increase of ground stress reduces the gas pressure required for disaster occurrence. When the gas pressure reaches a certain value, the disaster will occur even if the ground stress is very small.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessment of mechanical properties and durability of compressed mud bricks stabilized with stone dust, wheat straw, and cement.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Civil Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
For millennia mud has been utilized to make brick for the construction of both residential as well as architectural purposes. However, concerns regarding their vulnerability to different kinds of hazards due to their weak mechanical properties and durability have emerged. This study addressed the global challenge of developing sustainable and affordable construction materials, particularly in resource-constrained regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!