Diatoms significantly differ from other groups of heterokont algae in the diversity of chloroplast forms, their number, and location in a cell and in the structure of pyrenoids. The information on the fine structure of chloroplast is recognized to be important for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of diatoms. Six species of diatoms belonging to different classes have been examined using transmission electron microscopy. New data on the structure of chloroplast have been obtained and characteristics of pyrenoid ultrastructure of diatoms belonging to different phylogenetic clades have been specified. The results enlarge the data obtained earlier and specify a set of features of chloroplast ultrastructure for different phylogenetic clades of diatoms.
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