We propose an optical initial phase control technique for external modulation in the format of minimum-shift keying (MSK). In this scheme, the optical phase discontinuities inherent to external frequencyshift- keying (FSK) modulation are compensated by use of an initial phase controller in conjunction with a FSK modulator. We present the principle of the control method and then numerically and experimentally prove that the signal has a modulation spectrum more compact than that of conventional binary phase-shift keying. 10-Gbit/s external modulation in MSK format was experimentally demonstrated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.007741 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
January 2025
Center for Nano Science and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy.
Achieving highly tailored control over both the spatial and temporal evolution of light's orbital angular momentum (OAM) on ultrafast timescales remains a critical challenge in photonics. Here, we introduce a method to modulate the OAM of light on a femtosecond scale by engineering a space-time coupling in ultrashort pulses. By linking azimuthal position with time, we implement an azimuthally varying Fourier transformation to dynamically alter light's spatial distribution in a fixed transverse plane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and Devices, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
Far-red phosphors have emerged as a desirable research hotspot owing to their critical role in promoting plant growth. Especially, Eu ions typically present the D→F (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions, which overlap with the far-red light required for plant photosynthesis. However, achieving high-efficiency far-red emission of Eu remains challenging due to weak D→F transition and concentration quenching.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPaediatr Drugs
January 2025
Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
Oral ganaxolone (ZTALMY), a synthetic analogue of the endogenous neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone, acts as a positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor function in the CNS. In the EU and the UK, it is approved for the adjunctive treatment of epileptic seizures associated with cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) in patients aged 2-17 years. In a multinational phase III study (Marigold), 17 weeks' therapy with adjunctive ganaxolone, administered orally three times daily with food, significantly reduced 28-day major motor seizure frequency from baseline versus placebo in patients aged 2-19 years with CDD-associated refractory epilepsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Mater
January 2025
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA.
The blood-brain barrier, essential for protecting the central nervous system, also restricts drug delivery to this region. Thus, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier is an active research area in immunology, oncology, and neurology; moreover, novel methods are urgently needed to expand therapeutic options for central nervous system pathologies. While previous strategies have focused on small molecules that modulate blood-brain barrier permeability or penetrate the barrier, there is an increased focus on biomedical devices-external or implanted-for improving drug delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Sportsmed
January 2025
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the psychological demands and external workload experienced in the seven sessions leading up to injuries and the demands in the month preceding the injury week among professional Brazilian soccer players.
Methods: Initially, 33 players participated, but only 15 were included in the analysis due to the occurrence of twenty-three muscle-tendon injuries recorded according to International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines. The study assessed muscle-tendon injuries, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological variables (i.
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