Peritoneal dialysis is commonly used in patients awaiting renal transplantation. The occurrence of delayed graft function is lower in CAPD patients than in hemodialysis patients. This could be explained by the fluid expansion observed in CAPD patients before renal transplantation. Acute allograft rejection incidence is similar in peritoneal dialysis patients and hemodialysis patients. There are controversial data regarding the rate of renovascular thrombosis after renal transplantation in peritoneal dialysis patients. The dialysis modality selected prior to transplantation may explain the rate of renovascular thrombosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. There is an increasing number of patients returning to dialysis after transplantation failure. However, peritoneal dialysis is underused in failed transplant patients. There are few data available regarding the impact of dialysis modality on the outcome of failed transplant patients. Immunosuppression and transplant nephrectomy may affect the outcome of these patients on peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this article is to review the use of peritoneal dialysis in patients awaiting renal transplantation and in failed transplant patients.
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