The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands in the body. The thyroid size is 15-20 gr. The gland produces hormones that regulate all metabolic processes in large number of tissues in the body, and produces hormones that affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Studies of the endocrine system are among the original procedures in nuclear medicine. Thyroid scintigraphy and radio-tracer uptake studies remain an important part of the practice of nuclear medicine. Scintigraphy reveals functional and anatomic status of thyroid gland. A systematic and complete interpretation of the thyroid scintigrams requires assessments of thyroid size and configuration and identification and description of focal abnormalities, including hot and cold nodules and extrathyroidal activity in the neck or mediastinum. Early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease have made possible the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders.
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The growing complexity of the control of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and brown adipose tissue by leptin.
Vitam Horm
January 2025
Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States. Electronic address:
The balance between food intake and energy expenditure is precisely regulated to maintain adipose stores. Leptin, which is produced in and released from adipose in direct proportion to its size, is a major contributor to this control and initiates its homeostatic responses largely via binding to leptin receptors (LepR) in the hypothalamus. Decreases in hypothalamic LepR binding signals starvation, leading to hunger and reduced energy expenditure, whereas increases in hypothalamic LepR binding can suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPresentation and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Radioactive Iodine Therapy.
J Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
Background: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a common treatment for various thyroid diseases. Previous studies have suggested susceptibility of parathyroid glands to the mutagenic effect of RAI and the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We tested the possible link between prior RAI treatment, disease presentation, and treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hypothyroidism is a common sequela after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence in thyroid imaging, leveraging its non-ionizing radiation, high spatial resolution, multiparameter and multidirectional imaging. Few previous studies have investigated the evaluation of radiation-induced thyroid injury by MRI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical and Laboratory Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Indian Dermatol Online J
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Application of fibrin sealant in drain-free transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach.
Tzu Chi Med J
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Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
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