This paper sets out to analyse three different academic proposals for addressing the needs of the poor in relation to new, rather than 'essential' medicines. It focuses particularly on (1) research and development (R&D) prize funds, (2) a health impact fund (HIF) system and (3) a multilateral treaty on health technology cost-effectiveness evaluation and competitive tender. It compares the extent to which each responds to the 'market fundamentalist' philosophy (that we maintain forms a loose theoretical background for the patent-driven approach to pharmaceutical R&D) and begins to analyse their respective strengths and weaknesses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phn013 | DOI Listing |
BioDrugs
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Background: With the expiration of patents for multiple biotherapeutics, biosimilars are gaining traction globally as cost-effective alternatives to the original products. Glycosylation, a critical quality attribute, makes glycosimilarity assessment pivotal for biosimilar development. Given the complexity of glycoanalytical profiles, assessing glycosimilarity is nontrivial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Diabetes Endocrinol
January 2025
Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; University Polyclinic Foundation Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
J Occup Environ Hyg
January 2025
Finance Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
The present paper provides an assessment of how the scientific and national policy achievements/goals of Hermann J. Muller were impacted by his ethics and provides several documented episodes in which Muller acted unethically to promote his personal gain-at the expense of others-within the scientific community. Muller manipulated the scientific community in self-serving ways to suppress perspectives that challenged his own views on radiation-induced gene mutation, and hereditary and cancer risk assessment in ways that influenced his significant awards (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
"Cell factory" strategy based on microbial anabolism pathways offers an intriguing alternative to relieve the dependence on fossil fuels, which are recognized as the main sources of CO emission. Typically, anabolism of intracellular substance in cell factory requires the consumption of sufficient reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide /nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAD(P)H and adenosine triphosphate ATP. However, it is of great challenge to modify the natural limited anabolism and to increase the insufficient level of NAD(P)H and ATP to optimum concentrations without causing metabolic disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Currently, the development of polymeric hole-transporting materials (HTMs) lags behind that of small-molecule HTMs in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A critical challenge is that conventional polymeric HTMs are incapable of forming ultra-thin and conformal coatings like self-assembly monolayers (SAMs), especially for substrates with rough surface morphology. Herein, we address this challenge by designing anchorable polymeric HTMs (CP1 to CP5).
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