9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-labeled peptides as substrates in a capillary electrophoresis-based assay for sirtuin enzymes.

Sirtuins are the class III histone deacetylases that catalyze the deacetylation of acetyl-lysine residues of histones and other proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as the cofactor. The reaction yields the deacetylated protein, nicotinamide, and 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Three 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-labeled peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of p53, Fmoc-KK(Ac)-NH(2), Fmoc-KK(Ac)L-NH(2), and Fmoc-RHKK(Ac)-NH(2), were characterized as substrates for two of the human sirtuins: SIRT1 and SIRT2. The deacetylation was monitored by a validated capillary electrophoresis assay. Efficient deacetylation by SIRT1 and SIRT2 was demonstrated for all three peptide substrates. The kinetics of the enzymatic reaction was determined with the Michaelis constants (K(m)) varying between 16.7 and 34.6 microM for SIRT1 and between 34.7 and 58.6 microM for SIRT2. Resveratrol did not function as an activator for SIRT1 using the Fmoc-labeled peptides as SIRT substrates. The IC(50) values of sirtinol using the three peptide substrates were determined. Further sirtuin inhibitors were also evaluated.