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Impact of different antiretroviral therapy regimens on bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a retrospective and longitudinal study in China.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Jingshun E St, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
Background: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with bone loss of people living with HIV (PLWH), but limited studies exist on the impacts of ART regimens on bone mineral density (BMD) in China. This study evaluated BMD changes with three common ART regimens: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) + efavirenz (EFV), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing, and dolutegravir (DTG)-containing (non-TDF/non-TAF) therapies.
Methods: In this retrospective study, the prevalence of low BMD was analyzed in PLWH who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before ART initiation.
Markers of Maternal Bone and Renal Toxicity Through 50 Weeks Postpartum: IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED) Trial.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
October 2024
Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Background: Safety data from randomized trials of antiretrovirals in pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated maternal bone and renal data from the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network 2010 trial, which compared the safety and efficacy of 3 antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy: dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG + FTC/TAF), dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DTG + FTC/TDF), and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF).
Methods: A subset of participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at postpartum week 50 only.
HIV and adipose tissue: A long history linked to therapeutic classes of antiretrovirals.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris)
June 2024
Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France.
HIV infection has been controlled only since the introduction of triple therapy in 1996, combining, as antiretroviral agents, two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one protease inhibitor (PI). However, among the NRTIs, the thymidine analogues stavudine and zidovudine led to lipoatrophy, either generalized or associated with visceral fat hypertrophy and buffalo hump. These molecules also increased insulin resistance and the prevalence of diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and hormonal contraception: An updated systematic review.
Contraception
October 2024
Global Health, Population, and Nutrition, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States.
Article Synopsis
- The study reviews interactions between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and hormonal contraceptives (HCs), focusing on data from 49 articles that discuss pharmacokinetics (PK) outcomes related to these medications.
- Findings showed that efavirenz could increase pregnancy rates and affect progestin levels, with some genetic factors exacerbating these interactions; meanwhile, a specific combination of drugs (DMPA with TDF) raised concerns about bone density loss.
- The authors emphasize the importance of ongoing counseling for patients using efavirenz due to its risks and suggest further long-term research on certain drug interactions to ensure safe contraceptive options.
HIV and fracture: Risk, assessment and intervention.
HIV Med
May 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
Objectives: With management of comorbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) a key component of clinical care, early loss of bone integrity and clinical fracture are recognized as important issues. This review aims to describe the epidemiology of fracture in PLWH, as well as summarizing the relative balance of factors that contribute to fracture. We also aim to describe fracture risk assessment and interventional strategies to modify the risk of fracture in this population.
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