Emergencies related to cancer chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

As a vast majority of oncologic treatments are being administered in the outpatient setting, emergency department (ED) physicians are increasingly encountering patients who present with a wide array of toxicities that are a direct effect of chemotherapy. This review aims to highlight the most often encountered and clinically relevant toxicities of the more commonly administered chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, because stem cell transplantation is being used increasingly for various malignancies, a brief introduction to post-transplant complications is included.