The results of treatment of 219 children with "primary peritonitis" are analysed. Most patients (73.5%) were under 7 years of age. The simple form of primary peritonitis was encountered in 158 (72.1%) and the toxic form in 61 (27.9%) patients. Significant disorders of humoral (B-system) and cellular (T-system) immunity as well as combined incompetence of the neutrophil intra-leukocytic microbicidal system were revealed. In 72% of girls a relation was detected between the occurrence of primary peritonitis and the condition of maturation of the genitalia. All the children were treated by operation and recovered.
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