This research investigates the influence of partial reflection on the measurement of the absolute ultrasonic attenuation coefficient using contact transducers. The partial, frequency-dependent reflection arises from the thin fluid-layer interface formed between the transducer and specimen surface. It is experimentally shown that neglecting this reflection effect leads to a significant overestimation in the measured attenuation coefficient. A systematic measurement procedure is proposed that simultaneously obtains the ultrasonic signals needed to calculate both the reflection coefficient of the interface and the attenuation coefficient, without disturbing the existing coupling conditions. The true attenuation coefficient includes a correction based on the measured reflection coefficient--this is called the reflection correction. It is shown that including the reflection correction also reduces the variation (random error) in the measured attenuation coefficient. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated for a material with a known attenuation coefficient. The proposed method is then used to measure the high attenuation coefficient of a cement-based material.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3106125 | DOI Listing |
ACS Omega
January 2025
Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 9B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
The current demand for highly sensitive, optical sensors in biodiagnostics has prompted the development of ultrathin metal coatings on a range of substrates. Given the potential attenuation of the signal from a plasmonic sensor for the detection of fluorescent molecules when an adhesion layer between the substrate and coating is employed, this study examines the impact of various factors on the adhesion strength between gold coatings and substrates comprising glass and cyclo-olefin-polymer (COP). The objective is to identify potential configurations for high adhesion strength, thereby eliminating the need for an adhesion layer in the fabrication of optical sensors with gold coatings for diagnostic applications or to utilize a minimal adhesion layer thickness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Guizhou Mining Safety Science Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550025, China.
To enhance the safety of coal mining operations and improve the efficiency of gas extraction, hydraulic flushing technology has been widely used in low permeability coal seams. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of hydraulic flushing by conducting experiments focusing on four aspects: sample strength, punching pressure, punching position and vibration direction. The results show that an increase in hydraulic flushing pressure leads to a deeper impact groove, whereas higher sample strength results in a shallower groove.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Beijing Gilface Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China.
In order to solve the problem of logging calibration without a free pipe in the process of acoustic variable density logging and the subjective problem of the free pipe calibration method, this paper studies an attenuation rate calibration method based on acoustic variable density logging. Using the developed acoustic wave probe response relationship device and the acoustic wave probe calibration device, the response consistency of the receiving probe of the acoustic wave instrument and the frequency of the transmitting probe can be calibrated in the laboratory, and the response consistency and frequency calibration coefficient can be obtained. Through this coefficient, the acoustic wave attenuation rate can be derived.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Int
January 2025
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: The independent and interrelated long-term effects of the exposome such as air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature on lung function are not well understood, yet relevant in the light of climate change.
Methods: Pre-bronchodilation FEV1 from five mature birth cohorts (N = 4724) and three adult cohorts (N = 6052) from five European countries were used to assess cross-sectional associations with air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature, assigned to their residential address. All two-way interactions and square terms were a priori included in building the final elastic net regression model.
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) is an additive manufacturing method that requires the design of photocurable resins to act as feedstock and binder for the printing of parts, both monolithic and composite. The design of a suitable photoresin is costly and time-consuming. The development of one formulation requires the consumption of kilograms of costly materials, weeks of printing and performance testing, as well as the need to have developers with the expertise and knowledge of the materials used, making the development process cost thousands.
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