Tomato leaf curl disease (TLCD) and and tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCD) is caused by a number of begomovirus species that collectively threaten tomato production worldwide. We report here that an ongoing TLCD and TYLCD epidemic in Iran is caused by variants of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV), a newly proposed begomovirus species previously only detected in India. Besides infecting tomatoes, we identified ToLCPMV as the causal agent of a cucurbit disease that has devastated greenhouse cucumber and melon farms in Jiroft, southeastern Iran. We found no convincing evidence that the ToLCPMV DNA-B sequences have been derived through inter-species recombination, however, all of the currently sampled ToLCPMV DNA-A sequences are descendents of a sequence that probably arose through recombination between a ToLCNDV isolate and a currently unsampled geminivirus species that falls outside the ToLCNDV-ToLCPMV cluster. The increasing incidence of ToLCPMV in different cultivated species throughout Iran may signal the emergence of a serious new threat to agricultural production throughout the Middle East.
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