The sigma delocalization plays an important role in the stability of small boron clusters; therefore, it is important to establish under which circumstances this delocalization contributes to the aromaticity of these molecules. In this work, using electron localization function (ELF) calculations, we show that sigma and pi electrons follow different patterns of delocalization. For sigma electrons the delocalization is mainly due to the p(sigma) radial overlapping which decreases with ring size, thus, considerable delocalization is expected for small rings, while for the pi subsystem, the Hückel rule of organic chemistry works successfully regardless of the cluster size.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b818068g | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem A
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
Recently, we investigated a number of so-called σ- and τ-functionals based on the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem (ACFDT); particularly, extensions of the random phase approximation (RPA) with inclusion of an exchange kernel in the form of an antisymmetrized Hartree kernel. One of these functionals, based upon the approximate exchange kernel (AXK) of Bates and Furche, leads to a nonlinear contribution of the spline function used within σ-functionals, which we previously avoided through the introduction of a simplified "top-down" approach in which the σ-functional modification is inserted a posteriori following the analytic coupling strength integration within the framework of the ACFDT and which was shown to provide excellent performance for the GMTKN55 database when using hybrid PBE0 reference orbitals. In this work, we examine the analytic "bottom-up" approach in which the spline function is inserted a priori, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem A
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
Aromaticity is one of the most classical concepts in the field of modern chemistry and has been employed to explain and design substances with special stability. Although the knowledge about Hückel's and Baird's rules has been well established, the understanding of Möbius aromaticity remains extremely limited. In this letter, by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrated that the four-membered VIB transition metal (TM) carbide clusters possess a highly stable open-shell planar tetrameric structure and exhibit double Möbius aromaticity, which was evidenced by analyzing multiple aromaticity criteria, including the electronic, magnetic, and energetic indicators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lishi 033001, China.
We studied the boron-based composite cluster BAl doped with Al atoms. The global minimum structure of the BAl cluster is a three-layer structure, consisting of three parts: an Al unit, a B ring and an isolated Al atom. Charge calculations analysis shows that the cluster can be expressed as [Al][B][Al], has 6π/6σ double aromaticity and follows the (4+2) Hückel rule.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
December 2024
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
While planar tetracoordinate (pt) centers have been extensively explored from carbon to other octal-row elements or their heavier analogs, their counterparts involving alkali (A) and alkaline-earth metals (Ae) remain elusive due to the large atomic radius and absence of p orbitals. In this work, we found six hitherto unknown anionic ptA (A4A-) and neutral ptAe (A4Ae) centers through an extensive exploration of potential energy surfaces. The D4h-symmetry ptBe structures in Li4Be and Na4Be emerge as the lowest-energy configurations, and all the other ptA/ptAe structures are higher in energy or saddle points.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
This study investigates π-delocalization, π-bonding situations, and aromaticity of the pentazolate anion ([cyclo-N], ()), which was detected by Christe in 2002. To gain a broader perspective, we investigated the iso-π-electronic species [cyclo-P] () and [cyclo-(CH)] (). VB analyses reveal that the three studied molecules display significant resonance stabilization, as indicated by their high resonance energy values.
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