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Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: Recent studies have shown that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Increased genetic risk for ADHD, measured with ADHD polygenic risk scores (ADHD-PRS), was associated with a more severe AD presentation, including worse cognitive function and higher tau pathology. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in AD and are hypothesized to occur with disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Confounding of the Association Between Age at First Hormonal Contraception and Depression.
Acta Psychiatr Scand
January 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Background: Previous research has shown that females who use hormonal contraception are at increased risk of developing depression, and that the risk is highest among adolescents. While this finding could reflect age-specific effects of exogenous hormones on mental health, genetic liability for mental disorders could be confounding the association. Our goal was to test the plausibility of this hypothesis by determining whether polygenic liabilities for major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with younger age at hormonal contraception initiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeft Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Reward Expectancy and Mania Risk.
JAMA Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Importance: Mania/hypomania is the pathognomonic feature of bipolar disorder (BD). As BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), replicable neural markers of mania/hypomania risk are needed for earlier BD diagnosis and pathophysiological treatment development.
Objective: To replicate the previously reported positive association between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activity during reward expectancy (RE) and mania/hypomania risk, to explore the effect of MDD history on this association, and to compare RE-related left vlPFC activity in individuals with and at risk of BD.
Persistence of Lithium Underutilization in Patients of African Ancestry with Bipolar Disorder.
Psychopharmacol Bull
January 2025
Frye, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease that imposes a lifelong burden on those that suffer from it. Lithium is still considered both gold standard treatment and first-line maintenance treatment, and access to treatment with lithium is paramount to improving patient outcomes. However, access to adequate treatment is not only contingent on symptom recognition, accurate diagnosis, and individualization of treatment, but also affected by racial and ethnic disparities at each stage of patient experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurocognition and affective temperament in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder in south India: a cross-sectional study.
East Asian Arch Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Madurai, Ramanthapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Endophenotypes aid in studying the complex genetic basis of bipolar disorder. We aimed to compare first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder in a hospital in India with unrelated healthy controls in terms of neurocognition and affective temperament METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2012 at a tertiary hospital in India.
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