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Novel interactions of glycosaminoglycans and bacterial glycolipids mediate binding of enterococci to human cells. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Enterococcus faecalis is a significant hospital-associated pathogen that often enters the body through the intestinal mucosa, highlighting the need for better infection prevention methods in healthcare settings.
  • Research focused on glycosaminoglycans, found on eukaryotic cell surfaces, shows that heparin and heparan sulfate are crucial for E. faecalis adhesion to intestinal cells, while chondroitin sulfate B is not.
  • The study suggests that a sugar-based molecule, rather than a protein, mediates this bacterial adhesion, indicating the importance of specific interactions between the bacteria and host cell components during the initial stages of infection.

Article Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is among the most important nosocomial pathogens. The intestinal mucosa is considered to be the main site used by these bacteria for entrance and dissemination. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in colonization and invasion of enterococci may help to devise methods to prevent infections in hospitalized patients. Glycosaminoglycans, which are present on the surface of all eukaryotic cells, were investigated with regard to their role as host receptors for adhesion of E. faecalis. Competitive binding assays, enzymatic digestion, and reduction of the sulfation of the glycosaminoglycan chains indicated that heparin and heparan sulfate, but not chondroitin sulfate B, played important roles in adhesion of E. faecalis 12030 to Caco2 cells. By using proteinases and carbohydrate oxidation by sodium meta-periodate to modify the bacterial surface, it could be demonstrated that a sugar-containing molecule rather than a protein is the bacterial ligand mediating adhesion to eukaryotic cells. Preincubation of Caco2 cells with the enterococcal glycolipid diglucosyldiacylglycerol but not other carbohydrate cell wall components inhibited bacterial binding. These results may indicate that heparin and/or heparan sulfate on host epithelial cells and diglucosyldiacylglycerol, either itself or as a partial structure of lipoteichoic acid, are involved in enterococcal adhesion to colonic epithelia, the first step in translocation from the intestinal tract.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709396PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M901460200DOI Listing

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