Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a respiratory disease resulting from the inhalation of antigens to which the exposed subject has been previously sensitized. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is characterized by a diffuse and predominantly mononuclear cell inflammation of the alveolar regions that involves the small airways in most cases. It explains the presence of mosaic attenuation and expiratory air trapping at HRCT Scan. Chronic bronchitis, an obstructive defect at lung function tests and emphysema as long-term outcome are frequent consequences of this bronchial involvement.
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German recommendations for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), were last published in 2007 [1]. The current S2k Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) replaces these diagnostic recommendations. They were supplemented by the aspect of chronic, and in particular of the chronic fibrotic phenotype of HP, and also, as first HP guideline, include treatment recommendations.
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Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include conditions with identifiable causes such as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), sarcoidosis (SAR), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonia (CTD), as well as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) of unknown origin. In non-IIP diffuse lung diseases, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid appearance is diagnostic. This study examines lymphocyte subsets in BAL fluid and peripheral blood of 56 patients with diffuse ILD, excluding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), who underwent BAL for diagnostic purposes.
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), including pigeon breeder's lung (PBL), often progresses from acute inflammation to fibrosis, impairing lung function and limiting targeted therapeutic strategies. Mechanistic studies on PBL progression are limited by the lack of preclinical animal models and a predominant focus on patient data. This study explores the immunopathological characteristics of all stages of PBL in mice and evaluates the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) during the non-fibrotic stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThirty years of lung transplantation: development of postoperative outcome and survival over three decades.
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