The breakup of spatial bright optical solitons due to oscillatory neck instability is experimentally studied by propagating a laser beam in normally dispersive and self-focusing Kerr media. This intriguing and unusual phenomenon, recently predicted for solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, is observed in the spatially resolved temporal spectrum. The snake instability that is known to occur in hyperbolic systems is also demonstrated to validate our experimental approach. Our results not only apply to photonics but also to other fields of physics, such as hydrodynamics or plasma physics, in which the hyperbolic NLS equation is used as a canonical model.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.134101 | DOI Listing |
J Neurosurg
January 2025
1Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Objective: The complex mix of factors, including hemodynamic forces and wall remodeling mechanisms, that drive intracranial aneurysm growth is unclear. This study focuses on the specific regions within aneurysm walls where growth occurs and their relationship to the prevalent hemodynamic conditions to reveal critical mechanisms leading to enlargement.
Methods: The authors examined hemodynamic models of 67 longitudinally followed aneurysms, identifying 88 growth regions.
Exp Therm Fluid Sci
December 2024
Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Despite recent advances in 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV), challenges remain in measuring small-scale 3D flows, in particular flows with large dynamic range. This study presents a scanning 3D-PIV system tailored for oscillatory flows, capable of resolving transverse flows less than a percent of the axial flow amplitude. The system was applied to visualize transverse flows in millimetric straight, toroidal, and twisted ducts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
September 2024
University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
The primary acoustic signal of the voice is generated by the complex oscillation of the vocal folds (VFs), whereby physicians can barely examine the medial VF surface due to its anatomical inaccessibility. In this study, we investigated possibilities to infer medial surface dynamics by analyzing correlations in the oscillatory behavior of the superior and medial VF surfaces of four human hemilarynges, each in 24 different combinations of flow rate, VF adduction, and elongation. The two surfaces were recorded synchronously during sustained phonation using two high-speed camera setups and were subsequently 3D-reconstructed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeroscience
October 2024
Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Dongcheng District, Capital Medical University, 17 Chongnei Hougou Hutong, Beijing, 100005, China.
Understanding speech-in-noise is a significant challenge for individuals with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Evidence suggests that increased activity in the frontal cortex compensates for impaired speech perception in healthy aging older adults. However, whether older adults with ARHL still show preserved compensatory function and the specific neural regulatory mechanisms underlying such compensation remains largely unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMuscle Nerve
November 2024
Respiratory and Neurological Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Dyspnea is a common symptom in neuromuscular disorders and, although multifactorial, it is usually due to respiratory muscle involvement, associated musculoskeletal changes such as scoliosis or, in certain neuromuscular conditions, cardiomyopathy. Clinical history can elicit symptoms such as orthopnea, trepopnea, sleep disruption, dysphagia, weak cough, and difficulty with secretion clearance. The examination is essential to assist with the diagnosis of an underlying neurologic disorder and determine whether dyspnea is from a cardiac or pulmonary origin.
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