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RADAR-AD: assessment of multiple remote monitoring technologies for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimers Res Ther
January 2025
Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, leading to cognitive and functional decline. Early detection and intervention are crucial for enhancing the quality of life of patients and their families. Remote Monitoring Technologies (RMTs) offer a promising solution for early detection by tracking changes in behavioral and cognitive functions, such as memory, language, and problem-solving skills.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClassifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study.
JMIR Med Inform
January 2025
School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Background: Prediction models have demonstrated a range of applications across medicine, including using electronic health record (EHR) data to identify hospital readmission and mortality risk. Large language models (LLMs) can transform unstructured EHR text into structured features, which can then be integrated into statistical prediction models, ensuring that the results are both clinically meaningful and interpretable.
Objective: This study aims to compare the classification decisions made by clinical experts with those generated by a state-of-the-art LLM, using terms extracted from a large EHR data set of individuals with mental health disorders seen in emergency departments (EDs).
Rhythms of light: Understanding the role of circadian timing in alertness and cognitive performance.
Handb Clin Neurol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States. Electronic address:
The nonimage-forming effects of light are pivotal in regulating cognitive functions, including alertness, sustained attention, and higher-order cognitive processes. These cognitive domains are deeply influenced by the sleep-wake cycle, which are governed by two key processes: the homeostatic process, which builds sleep pressure during wakefulness, and the circadian process, which aligns with environmental light cues to regulate wakefulness and sleep. When these processes fall out of sync-a condition known as circadian misalignment-alertness, sustained attention, and cognitive performance can suffer significantly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircadian aspects in nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of insomnia.
Handb Clin Neurol
January 2025
Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Unit, University of Pisa Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AUOP), Pisa, Italy.
Insomnia disorder is a frequent sleep disorder leading to significant health and economic consequences. It has been proposed that individuals with insomnia may experience compromised deactivation systems of arousal, leading to a chronic state of hyperactivation of arousal known as hyperarousal, along with instability in the flip-flop system. Such disruptions may have a primarily impact on the sleep homeostatic drive process.
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