Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Development involves an interplay between various cell types from their birth to their disappearance by differentiation, migration, or death. Analyzing these interactions provides insights into their roles during the formation of a new organism. As a study tool for these interactions, we have created a model based on embryoid bodies (EBs) generated from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, which can be used to visualize the differentiation of mES cells into specific cell types while at the same time allowing controlled removal of this same cell population using an enzyme-prodrug approach. Cell-specific expression of Cre induces a switch of EGFP expression to LacZ. Furthermore, it leads to the expression of nitroreductase (NTR), which in combination with the prodrug CB1954 induces apoptosis. Here, we validate this model by showing expression of LacZ and NTR after Cre-mediated recombination. Additionally we show, as an example, that we can target the endothelial cells in EBs using the Tie-2 promoter driving Cre. Ablating Cre-expressing cells by adding CB1954 to the culture led to an abrogated vascular formation. This system can easily be adapted to determine the fate and interaction of many different cell types provided that there is a cell-type-specific promoter available.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2008.10.002 | DOI Listing |
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