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Negative variance components and intercept-slope correlations greater than one in magnitude: How do such "non-regular" random intercept and slope models arise, and what should be done when they do?
Stat Med
June 2024
Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- RIAS models are often used for analyzing longitudinal data but can lead to problematic estimates like negative variance components, which we refer to as "pseudo-variances" and "pseudo-correlations."
- Factors such as a small number of measurements, short follow-up periods, and large residual variance can make it more likely for non-regular RIAS models to occur, especially due to model misspecification or omitted random effects.
- While non-regular RIAS models may not apply universally, they can sometimes provide valid results for fixed effects, offering a solution when other methods could lead to bias.
Richard Gill is fighting the shoddy statistics that put nurses in prison for serial murder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnsemble learning and test-time augmentation for the segmentation of mineralized cartilage versus bone in high-resolution microCT images.
Comput Biol Med
September 2022
ICTEAM, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium. Electronic address:
High-resolution non-destructive 3D microCT imaging allows the visualization and structural characterization of mineralized cartilage and bone. Deriving statistically relevant quantitative structural information about these tissues, however, requires automated segmentation procedures, mainly because manual contouring is user-biased and time-consuming. Despite the increased spatial resolution in microCT 3D volumes, automatic segmentation of mineralized cartilage versus bone remains non-trivial since they have similar grayscale values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompare and contrast: pediatric cancer versus adult malignancies.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
December 2019
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Eythstrasse 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both adults and children, but in terms of absolute numbers, pediatric cancer is a relatively rare disease. The rarity of pediatric cancer is consistent with our current understanding of how adult malignancies form, emphasizing the view of cancer as a genetic disease caused by the accumulation and selection of unrepaired mutations over time. However, considering those children who develop cancer merely as stochastically "unlucky" does not fully explain the underlying aetiology, which is distinct from that observed in adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebral Blood Perfusion Predicts Response to Sertraline versus Placebo for Major Depressive Disorder in the EMBARC Trial.
EClinicalMedicine
April 2019
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, United States of America.
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been associated with brain-related changes. However, biomarkers have yet to be defined that could "accurately" identify antidepressant-responsive patterns and reduce the trial-and-error process in treatment selection. Cerebral blood perfusion, as measured by Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL), has been used to understand resting-state brain function, detect abnormalities in MDD, and could serve as a marker for treatment selection.
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