Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common degenerative dementia, followed by dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. These dementia subtypes have more overlapping signs and symptoms than defining ones. However, accurate diagnosis is important as each subtype has unique prognostic and treatment considerations. Key elements of the history, physical exam and diagnostic tests useful in deferential diagnosis of dementia sub-types are reviewed here.
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Aging with HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.
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Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with HIV (PWH). The clinical features and the inter-individual variability of the aging process confound the elucidation of the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in aging PWH.
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